2. Highlights & Heroes of Mongolian Buddhism
Altan Khan conferred on him the title of Dalai Lama or, Ocean of Wisdom. Sonam Gyatso, His Holiness the 3rd Dalai Lama, was considered the emanation of Chenrezig, the Buddha of Compassion. He dedicated his life to teaching the dharma to the people of Mongolia and Buddhism began to flourish in popular culture.
The Mongols based their Buddhist doctrine, practice and communal organization on Tibetan models. But they developed and adapted them in a distinctive way. Examples can be seen in the extraordinary art and architecture used in the building of the first Buddhist monastery in Mongolia.
Erdene Zuu, built in 1586 by Abdon Khan, near the old capital of Karakorum. Erdene Zuu was said to have had 10,000 monks, 108 Som dancers and 30 temples. It was surrounded by 108 stupas. The extraordinary artist and sculptor, Zanabazar, born in 1635, became the first Khalkha Jebtsumdampa, or Bogd Khan.
During his reign, as head of state, Zanabazar brought a new way to Mongolian education, culture, society, and political life. His disciples established the capital of Mongolia in Ulaanbaatar. The symbol that he created became the Mongolian State Coat of Arms emblem.
Buddhism continued to grow in popularity and influence in Mongolian society. Within a few decades, Mongolian culture had transformed to include over 700 monasteries and one-third of the male population were ordained monks.
Mongolian monks and scholars excelled in the study of philosophy. So much so, that when the 13th Dalai Lama came to visit in 1904, Mongolian monks defeated him in the art of debating Buddhist philosophy.
The Eighth Jetsumdampa was the secular and spiritual leader of Mongolia until his death in 1924. The period of Soviet domination began and the threat to the survival of Mongolian Buddhism became extreme.
His Holiness the Dalai Lama Altan Khan conferred on him the title of Dalai Lama or, Ocean of Wisdom. Sonam Gyatso, His Holiness the 3rd Dalai Lama, was considered the emanation of Chenrezig, the Buddha of Compassion. He dedicated his life to teaching the dharma to the people of Mongolia and Buddhism began to flourish in popular culture. |
Монголын Алтан хаан түүнд анхлан "Далай Лам" буюу "Билгүүн ухааны далай" гэсэн цол олгожээ. Дээрхийн Гэгээнтэн гуравдугаар Далай Лам Сономжамцийг Энэрэхүйн Нинж сэтгэлийн бурхан-Жанрайсэгийн хувилгаан гэдэг. Тэрээр өөрийн бүхий л амьдралаа Монголын ард түмэнд ном айлдахад зориулсан бөгөөд Бурханы шашин ч Монголд нэн хүчтэй дэлгэрч эхлэв. | |
The Mongols based their Buddhist doctrine, practice and communal organization on Tibetan models. But they developed and adapted them in a distinctive way. Examples can be seen in the extraordinary art and architecture used in the building of the first Buddhist monastery in Mongolia. |
Монголчууд Бурханы шашны сургааль төдийгүй нийгмийн бүтцээ Түвдийн загвараар зохион байгуулсан хэдий ч үндэсний хэв шинжээрээ хүчтэй баяжуулж чаджээ. | |
Erdene Zuu, built in 1586 by Abdon Khan, near the old capital of Karakorum. Erdene Zuu was said to have had 10,000 monks, 108 Som dancers and 30 temples. It was surrounded by 108 stupas. |
Үүний тод нэгэн жишээ бол, 1586 онд Хар-Хорум хотын ойролцоох Автай хааны бариулсан Монголын эртний сүмүүдийн нэг болох гайхмаар ур хийц, уран барилгын шийдэл бүхий «Эрдэнэ-зуу» хийд юм. Эрдэнэ зууд 10000 хуварга шавилан суудаг, 108 цам гардаг, түүнийг тойрсон 108 суваргатай, 30 сүм бүхий томоохон цогцолбор байжээ. | |
The extraordinary artist and sculptor, Zanabazar, born in 1635, became the first Khalkha Jebtsumdampa, or Bogd Khan. During his reign, as head of state, Zanabazar brought a new way to Mongolian education, culture, society, and political life. His disciples established the capital of Mongolia in Ulaanbaatar. The symbol that he created became the Mongolian State Coat of Arms emblem. |
Монголын Анхдугаар Богд Жавзандамба, төгс урлаач, барималч Занабазар бээр 1635 онд мэндэлжээ. Халх монголын хаан-Богд Занабазар тухайн үедээ монголын боловсролын тогтолцоо, улс төр, соёлыг бүхэлд нь шинэ замд хөтлөн оруулж, Монголын нийслэлийг үндэслэв. Өдгөө ч хэрэглэгдсээр буй Монгол улсын сүлд төрийн тэмдэг "Соёмбыг" Өндөр гэгээн Занабазар бүтээжээ. |
Buddhism continued to grow in popularity and influence in Mongolian society. Within a few decades, Mongolian culture had transformed to include over 700 monasteries and one-third of the male population were ordained monks. |
Ийнхүү Бурханы шашин Монголын нийгэмд улам бүр хүрээгээ тэлж, нөлөө нь ихсэв. Энэ цаг үеэс хойш тун удалгүй Монгол улсад 700 гаруй сүм хийд босч, нийт эрчүүдийнх нь гурваны нэг нь хуварга болов. | |
Mongolian monks and scholars excelled in the study of philosophy. So much so, that when the 13th Dalai Lama came to visit in 1904, Mongolian monks defeated him in the art of debating Buddhist philosophy. |
Бурханы шашны арван ухаанд төгс мэргэжсэн Монголын мэргэд, хуваргууд олноор төрөн гарав. Үүний нэг жишээ нь, Монголын эрдэмт мэргэд 1904 онд 13 дугаар Далай Ламыг Монголд ирэхэд нь гүн ухааны ном хаялцан ялж байсан баримт байдаг. | |
The Eighth Jetsumdampa was the secular and spiritual leader of Mongolia until his death in 1924. The period of Soviet domination began and the threat to the survival of Mongolian Buddhism became extreme. |
Монголын төр шашныг хослон барьсан Наймдугаар Богд хаан 1924 онд тэнгэрт хальснаас хойш Монголд Оросын нөлөө илтэд давамгайлж, Монголын Бурханы шашны цаашдын ирээдүйд ноцтой аюул учирч эхэлсэн юм. |
Ref: Google Dictionary, Oxford Learners Dictionaries, kids.wordsmyth.com, MacMillan Dictionary, Word Hippo
Source: Translate.Google.com
Source: Translate.Google.com